![]() ![]() Early speculation involved the names that neighboring tribes had for the Karankawa. The Karankawa name's origin is from the caves of El Paso. beyond question," despite the absence of evidence. Moore attempted to justify his role in the massacre of Karankawa because "their cannibalism. ![]() ![]() The Karankawa had been described for centuries as " cannibals," now believed by many to be a falsehood initially spread by the Spanish after failing to convert them to Catholicism at missionary settlements in La Bahía and Refugio. Historical research of the Karankawa is hindered because the documents concerning them were overwhelmingly written by enemies of the tribe. During 1858, Mexican rancher Juan Nepomuceno Cortina led a group of Mexicans and Texan colonists against what was believed to be Karankawa's last known refuge, killing many, and by 1891,the Karankawa ceased to exist as a functioning tribe. By the 1840s, the Karankawa, now exiled, split into two groups, one of which settled on Padre Island while the other fled into the Mexican state of Tamaulipas. In the 1820s, Texan colonists arrived in their land under the leadership of Stephen Austin who commissioned a captain to expel the Karankawa from the Austin land grant, leading to multiple attacks, including the Skull Creek massacre of 19 Karankawa. After one attack by the Spanish, who ambushed the Karankawa after the establishment of Presidio La Bahía in 1722, the Karankawa allegedly felt "deeply betrayed viewed Spanish colonial settlement with hostility." They consisted of several independent seasonal nomadic groups who shared the same language and much of the same culture.įrom the onset of European colonization, the Karankawa had violent encounters with the Spanish. The Karankawa / k ə ˈ r æ ŋ k ə w ə/ were an Indigenous people concentrated in southern Texas along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico, largely in the lower Colorado River and Brazos River valleys. Extinct as a tribe since the 19th century ![]()
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